染色體免疫共沉淀(Chromatin immunoprecipitation,ChIP)方法程序
染色體免疫共沉淀(Chromatin immunoprecipitation,ChIP)是一種可在體內(nèi)用來確定與某一特定蛋白結(jié)合或蛋白定位所在的特異性DNA序列的技術(shù)。方法程序如下圖:
第一步:用甲醛在體內(nèi)將DNA結(jié)合蛋白與DNA交聯(lián)(DNA-binding proteins are crosslinked to DNA with formaldehyde in vivo.)
第二步:分離染色體(質(zhì)),剪切后的DNA小片段與結(jié)合蛋白結(jié)合(Isolate the chromatin. Shear DNA along with bound proteins into small fragments.)
第三步:用特異性 抗體 與DAN結(jié)合蛋白結(jié)合,用沉淀法分離復(fù)合體。反向交聯(lián)操作釋放出DNA,并消化蛋白質(zhì)(Bind antibodies specific to the DNA-binding protein to isolate the complex by precipitation. Reverse the cross-
linking to release the DNA and digest the proteins.)
第四步:用PCR擴(kuò)增特異DNA序列,以確定是否與 抗體 共沉淀(Use PCR to amplify specific DNA sequences to see if they were precipitated with the antibody.)
染色體免疫共沉淀(Chromatin immunoprecipitation,ChIP)是理解染色體(質(zhì))的一種革命性工具,它能使我們了解染色體(質(zhì))及其相結(jié)合的因子之間的時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài)和相互作用。無論是考察單個(gè)啟動(dòng)子在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)的變化,還是在整個(gè)人類基因組中考察某個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,染色體免疫共沉淀技術(shù)都能使我們了解在自然狀態(tài)下基因是如何被調(diào)控的。(Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a tool that has revolutionized our understanding of chromatin. ChIP has allowed us to dissect the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions of chromatin and its associated factors (see Figure 1 for the structure of chromatin). Whether looking at minute-by-minute changes at a single promoter, or a single transcription factor over the entire human genome, ChIP has given us significant insight into how genes are regulated in their natural context.)
一、什么是ChIP?
ChIP的原理很簡單:選擇性富集包含某一特異性抗原的染色體(質(zhì))片段。能夠識(shí)別某一蛋白或目的修飾蛋白的抗體被用來確定抗原在基因組中一處或多處的相對豐度。
ChIP包括以下幾個(gè)步驟:
1、分離總?cè)旧w(質(zhì))(需要通過交聯(lián)使目的抗原固定在染色體(質(zhì))與其結(jié)合的部位)。
2、將染色體(質(zhì))切割成片段(以提高精度)。
3、對切成片段的染色體(質(zhì))進(jìn)行免疫沉淀。
4、免疫沉淀的染色體(質(zhì))片段進(jìn)行分析,確定靶DNA序列水平與其輸入的染色體(質(zhì))的相對豐度。
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